南方季节性干旱区再生稻降水资源高效利用研究

以四川、湖北、江西、广西和重庆季节性干旱危害严重的69个县为研究对象,依高产栽培的水分管理要求,基于作物需水量和自然降水量的时空分布特点,提出不同稻区再生稻水分管理策略:(1)四川、重庆大部分地区的降水量大干或等于该地区的作物需水量,可以采用水稻生长前期适当露田、中期烤田和后期干湿交替的高产水分管理策略;(2)湖北省大...     

季节性河道渗漏野外试验研究

为研究季节性河流大沽河河道的渗漏规律,以包气带水分运动理论为基础,在大沽河上、中游建立有代表性的试验场,进行野外现场入渗试验,研究不同包气带岩性下河道的入渗能力.结果表明:干涸河道入渗过程可分为非稳定入渗和稳定入渗两个阶段;包气带的水理性质影响着河床的入渗规律,大沽河河道上游的入渗率比中游的入渗率大,上游和中游南沙梁村...     

新疆天山地区日照时数的气候特征

基于1961-2008年新疆天山地区23站日照时数的逐日资料,使用一元线性方程和M-K检验等统计方法,分析天山地区日照时数的时空变化特征。结果表明：①日照时数的气候分布存在明显的空间差异,呈东多西少,南多北少的分布特征。②区域平均日照时数均呈减少趋势,尤其在冬季和夏季。③四季除春季外日照时数均存在明显的年代际变化特征,...     

转基因毛白杨根部土壤微生物数量的季节变化

为了对转基因植物的生态安全性研究提供依据,采用土壤梯度稀释法对转基因毛白杨和非转基因毛白杨根部微生物数量的季节变化趋势进行研究。结果表明：转基因毛白杨根际、根表和根皮3个层面的根部细菌数量变化均是春季较少,夏季有不同程度的增多,秋季减少,根内的细菌数量极少;非转基因毛白杨根际细菌数量的变化表现为春季较少,夏季增多,秋季减少;根表和根皮则表现为春季到秋季细菌数量呈下降趋势。转基因毛白杨根部真菌数量变化趋势均为春季较少,夏季有不同程度的增多,秋季减少;非转基因毛白杨根部真菌的数量为从春季到秋季呈逐渐减少的趋势。     

Patterns of movement of adult northern pike (Esox lucius L.) in a regulated river

Abstract –  We performed a tagging study on one of the spawning populations of northern pike ( Esox lucius L.) of the River Kajaaninjoki in Finland. Northern pike is the main predator in many lakes and rivers in the northern hemisphere. Previous tagging studies have shown a general tendency to sedentary behaviour by pike. Whether individuals in a fish population adapt a sedentary or moving strategy may affect population persistence. To study if the spawning population consists of sedentary or moving individuals and the pattern of movements, we tagged 40 pike with radio transmitters and followed them from May 2002 to June 2003. Pike were caught and tagged during the spawning season in the mouth of the River Kajaaninjoki which flows into one of the largest lakes in Finland, Lake Oulujärvi. Our results suggest that the pike spawning population consisted of sedentary pike ( N  = 16) dwelling the whole year in the river, and moving pike ( N  = 24) which moved to Lake Oulujärvi after the spawning period. Pike exhibited homing behaviour, as most of the migrating pike returned to the same spawning area in the following year. Large pike had a higher movement rate than small pike during the summer and seasonally the movement rate was lowest during the spring and highest during the summer.     

Seasonal carbohydrate changes in two sweet orange varieties of the Navel group

Sugar and starch levels were determined in leaves, fruits, bark and roots of the ‘Navelate’ variety (low yield) and compared with those of ‘Washington Navel’ (standard yield). Old leaves had the lowest sugar content in May, while young leaves had a decreasing content from spring to summer in both varieties. ‘Navelate’ had lower sugar content in leaves, bark and roots than ‘Washington Navel’. Starch levels in the leaves showed a maximum towards the end of May. In winter, ‘Navelate’ had a higher starch content, mainly in the roots and bark, due to its low yield.     

杉木连栽林地土壤微生物的季节动态研究

杉木人工林林下土壤微生物数量,随着杉木连栽代数的增加而减少,表现出一代>二代,一代>三代;而且土壤微生物的组成和生化活性发生了显著的变化。四月到六月间,土壤微生物的数量最多,以后逐渐减少。土壤的氧化代谢能力有明显的季节性变化,春、夏季代谢能力强,秋、冬季较弱。从季节动态的平均水平来看,无论是土壤微生物的生物量还是土壤的氧化代谢活性,都表观出一代杉木林地>二代林地,一代林地>三代林地。     

Diel and seasonal utilization of home ranges in a small lake by smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui)

Abstract– Diel and seasonal movements of 9 smallmouth bass were monitored by ultrasonic tracking for 1–1.5 years in a small gravel pit lake in northeastern Illinois. Each fish had several home ranges over the study period. Males established home ranges around a nesting site in May and June. During the summer months, smallmouth bass had diurnal, nocturnal, diurnal and nocturnal home ranges. The fish exhibited 2 types of behavior when they were within their home ranges. They were either motionless, which generally occurred on the nocturnal home ranges, or they swam slowly about their home ranges. Rapid directional swimming movements occurred when fish were swimming across the lake or moving between home ranges. The home ranges were transitory. The average size of the reproductive (male) home range was 0.07 hectare; 0.12 hectare for nocturnal home ranges; 0.18 hectare for diurnal home range; and 0.20 for diurnal-nocturnal home range. Generally, reproductive and nocturnal home ranges were smaller; other types could be as small as these but were often larger. However, there was no significant difference in home range sizes.     

老芒麦、垂穗披碱草产草量形成与水热季节变化的关系

两草种产草量季节变化的高峰期一般出现于8月中旬。在此之前的增长动态,符合于 Logistic 生长模式。旺长的始期和终期分别为6月初和7月下旬。这是草种特性在川西北高原水热气象条件作用和制约下的结果,具有明显的地域特征。其中气温的季节变化为主要外因。此外,群体季节生长过程存在着生长中心随生长阶段转换而转移的规律。     

绵羊寄生线虫在体内及牧场上各发育阶段的季节动态研究

对亚热带草地模式区──湖北长阳火烧坪草畜示范场绵羊寄生线虫的优势种捻转血矛线虫、环纹奥斯特线虫和粗纹食道口线虫进行了成虫寄生量、羊粪中虫卵排出量和寄生虫体外发育育成率的逐月观察，结合气象资料──气温、相对湿度、蒸发量和雨量的观察记录，得出了这些优势种各发育阶段在绵羊体内及牧地上的季节动态以及与气温、湿度变化的关系。３种线虫在牧地上的体外育成率和在羊体内的寄生量都有２个峰，育成率于４月出现第１个峰，随之在５月成虫出现第１个峰，育成率于６或７月分别出现第２个更高的峰，成虫也于７～９月出现第２个更高的峰。说明成虫峰随体外发育育成峰而来，粪中虫卵的峰值则往往跟随成虫峰而出现。体外育成率的高低又明显受气温及温度影响，平均湿度低于１２℃时无峰出现，低于５℃时育成率为零，湿度在７９％以下时育成率很低。本文还讨论了防制建议。